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Niger expedition of 1841
The Niger expedition of 1841 was mounted by British missionary and activist groups in 1841-1842, using three British iron steam vessels to travel to Lokoja, at the confluence of the Niger River and Benue River, in what is now Nigeria. The British government backed the effort to make treaties with the native peoples, introduce Christianity and promote increased trade. The crews of the boats suffered a high mortality from disease.
==Meeting of 1 June 1840==
The expedition was put into motion by an Exeter Hall meeting of 1 June 1840. It was chaired by Prince Albert. The organisers were the Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and for the Civilization of Africa, set up in 1839 by Thomas Fowell Buxton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Brief History of Slavery | Online Information Bank | Research Collections | Royal Naval Museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard )〕 Buxton was promoting a grandiose "New Africa" policy, based on a series of treaties to be made in West Africa, the introduction of Christianity, and increased commerce, as set out in his book the previous year.〔Junius P. Rodriguez, ''Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic Oppression'' (2011), p. 156; (Google Books ).〕 Buxton's ideas went back at least half a century, to the Sierra Leone Company.〔David Richardson, Anthony Tibbles, Suzanne Schwarz, ''Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery'' (2007), p. 270; (Google Books ).〕 At the time anti-slavery activists had little access to the higher reaches of the British government, and were relying on public meetings and popular agitation; Buxton was in an exceptional position.〔David Turley, ''The Culture of English Antislavery, 1780–1860'' (1991), p. 74; (Google Books ).〕
Up to 4000 people attended the meeting, Sir Robert Peel spoke from the stage, and Prince Albert became President of the Society. The proceedings were written up by Joseph Beldam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Joseph Beldam and the Anti-Slavery Society )〕
The Whig government of the time, under William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, was more irritated than pleased by Buxton's lobbying. But it made financial moves to support the expedition. Lord Palmerston as Foreign Secretary found £50,000 to offer Spain for their claimed sovereignty of Fernando Po (now Bioko), an island in the region already home to British naval bases.〔Hugh Thomas, ''The Slave Trade'' (1997), p. 657.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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